Child Labor in India

If we would talk about children living in India; it is to have attention that more than 4 crore children are working instead of attending school. Around 1 lakh children are working in hazardous industrial area like quarry, Hearth and carpets industry where a lot of works are imposed at low wage. Despite being given the “Right to Education” by Indian Constitution; these children are not even fortunate to see the face of school. 

According to statistics, there is a thought of some people that more number of children in a house means the higher income. Thus, child labor is supposed to be a part of Indian Economy. After independence, children have been considered as a mean of income due to poverty. This kind of thinking not only increased the population but also increases lack of education. Casteism System and Bonded labor have kept worsen the condition of children. If we look over the data of the last few decades, child labor is not even now getting controlled effectively.

In 1971, child labor was more than 10753987 in India. In 1981, the number increase to 11285349. Although there was some reduction recorded from 1981 to 1991 but still in 1991 more than 11285349 children were wages. After 1991, the new economy policy was effective in India to speed up development but it could not improve current condition of child labor. Number of child labor in 2005 recorded more than 12666377. Even after, when India was growing rapidly towards modernism in 2011, plenty of children were forced to work for food.

It is not that our constitution has ignored the rights of children. It has been said in section-24 of the constitution to ban child labor. In 1981, the government of India formed the Gurupad Swamy Committee to study the issue of child labor. It was revealed in the study that the biggest cause of child labor was poverty and hence any law would not work if poverty prevails. The committee suggested that the children must be banned from working in hazardous industries. After the recommendation of Gurupad Committee, the child labor Act was enacted in 1986, in which the industry was marked where the children cannot work as well as the conditions for child labor in other industries were fixed on the basis of this law. Following all these activities, National Child Labor Policy was formed in 1987. Despite all these steps, government has achieved limited success.

In 2016, the government amended child labor laws and approved child labor in the marked industry with certain conditions. Some experts consider it wrong decision taken by the government.

If we talk about history, almost one century ago, the great freedom fighter Gopal Krishna Gokhale had raise a voice in Imperial Vidhan Parisad for the education of children but many feudal protested the voice and Indian society was kept deprive of a historical initiative.

Many incidents took place in the world, freedom moments started, country got independent from the British, constitution came into effect, setting on democracy from monarchy, many rights came related to women and children, many government ruled but it is unfortunate whatever children were facing issue so long ago they are still facing.

Still reduction in the number of child labor is not as aspect. A report says there is reduction of child labor with 2.2% though out country but rapid increment found in urban area with 50%.

Why November 14 celebrated as Children's Day?

Children's Day is celebrated across the world on different days to honour children globally. In India, it is celebrated on November 14, on the birthday of the first Prime Minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru. It is a tribute to Nehru who gave emphasis to the significance of giving love and affection to children and considered them as the bright future of India.

The government of India officially started celebrating Children's day after Nehru's death in 1963.

The day is marked by organising functions and cultural performances in schools, offices and other organizations by children.

The United Nations celebrates the day globally on November 20 as it marked the anniversary day when the Declaration of the Child Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly.

Globally, the first ever Children's day was celebrated in 1954.

MISSION INDRADHANUSH

India which is one of the developing country in the world. There are many campaigns running by various organizations to fight against deadly diseases for children and concerned. Indian government started a successful campaign named "Mission Indradhanush" that is still effective since 25 December 2014.

However, vaccination campaign was started in 1985 for some diseases by Indian Government and later "Mission Indradhanush" came in effect with consolidation of seven vaccines by Union Health Minister J. P. Nadda.

There are 7 vaccines (free of cost) under Mission Indradhanush as

1. BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) vaccine  for Tuberculosis (TB)

2. DPT (Triple vaccine) vaccine for Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus 
3. MMR vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella

4. Hepatitis B vaccine for Jaundice

5. Pneumonia vaccine for Pneumonia

6. Chickenpox vaccine for Chickenpox

7. Polio vaccine for Polio

This mission is expedited with the help of Anganwadi, Asha Sahyogi and Nurse.

Some other vaccines have also been added later as Japanese Encephalitis , Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) vaccine , Rotavirus vaccine.

It aims to immunize all children under the age of 2 years (5 years if required) as well as all pregnant women against seven vaccine preventable diseases.

World Health Organization

As fast as our life is moving, so rapidly person have lack in caring about their health and hygiene as well as surroundings health that causes affection with diseases and stress. At this pace, the health of the human being is going away. 

In the race to move forward, the person is putting his important thing on the stake that is his health. A variety of diseases are spreading, many of them have not been yet detected even by WHO (World Health Organization). Rising diseases have become a serious topic for the world.

The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948 headquartered at Geneva in Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations. 

The constitution of the World Health Organization had been signed by 61 countries on 7 April 1948, with the first meeting of the World Health Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948. The World Health Organization is currently composed of 193 members, of which 191 are independent countries and members of the United Nations. The other two members are the Cook Islands and Niue, which are territories of New Zealand. It incorporated the Office International d'Hygiène Publique and the League of Nations Health Organization. Since its creation, it has played a leading role in the eradication of smallpox. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, in particular HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; the mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases; sexual and reproductive health, development, and ageing; nutrition, food security and healthy eating; occupational health; substance abuse; and driving the development of reporting, publications, and networking.

The WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, the worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day. India is a Member State of the WHO South East Asia Region. The WHO Country Office for India is headquartered in Delhi.

History of Bihar

The history of Bihar has been very golden period of Indian history. Chandragupta Empire, Ashoka’s Dhamma Policy, Ser Shah Suri Administration, Buddhist Philosophy, Jainism, Mithila Painting, Patna Kalam, Mahatma Gandhi Satyagraha and other glorious aspects of Bihar have set important directive roles to the world.

Thousands of years ago; a beautiful princess Sita was born in Bihar where the holy stream of Ganga flows. This daughter of Bihar married prince Rama of Ayodhya. Sita is the central female character and one of the central figures in the world’s greatest epic “The Ramayana”.

According to ancient legends, Mithila Painting was started with Sita’s marriage when her father King Janaka asked women to create pictures on the walls of their houses. Mithila Painting now appears in two new forms Mass Crafts and Folk Art. Both are making their own identity in the international market by becoming a personal art.

Magadha was ruled by the Nanda Dynasty during the 4th century BC. Chandragupta Maurya defeated empire of Nanda Dynasty through the clever guidance, politics and diplomacy of Brahmin Acharya Chanakya became king at the age of 20. India’s first real empire was born in Bihar by the stabilization of Maurya Dynasty. Chandragupta Maurya became the first emperor of south Asia subduing southern region. The capital of this empire was Patliputra now known as Patna. Later, Chandragupta Maurya abdicated the empire and adopted Jainism.

The 24th Jain religious god Mahavir was born in Vaishali district of Bihar who preached the principles of Jainism that every living creature wants to live and he must get the right to live.

Emperor Ashoka was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya and son of Bindusar. Earlier Emperor Ashoka was known as a tyrannical Ashoka but after mass destruction in Kalinga war, there was a great change in them. Ashoka then adopted Buddhism and established Dhamma policy. Ashoka's Dhamma policy made its vast empires on the basis of social, Philosophical and moral values. He was the first ruler of the world who respected the life of both humans and animals. This way, Bihar's great son Ashoka gave a new thought to the world.

Bihar has got its name from Vihar of the Buddhism religion. Gautama Buddha gained knowledge under a Peepal tree in Bodh Gaya. Gautama Buddha gave his early education in Saranath, then in Bihar where he gathered the students. After 14 years, he announced the most important lecture at Gridhakuta hill of Rajgir. Buddhism was born in Bihar. it is considered as the most peaceful and tolerant religion in the world. Nalanda University was built by Gupta ruler in the 5th century. It was the best center of education. The name of Bihar in ancient history is recorded as important center of higher learning.

6th century, Bihar can be called the period of big thinking. In the sixth century, Lichchavi king who ruled Vaishali in Bihar created the world's first democratic republic. This lineage conceived the world's first written constitution.

The year 1857, there was rebellion throughout the country against British Government. On 25th July, three regiments of Danapur revolted and joined the battle of Kunwar Singh. The 80-year-old landlord Babu Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur District was already fighting a war against the British in Ara. On August 3, the British defeated Veer Kunwar but could not stop the struggle of Veer Kunwar Singh. In a fight when the bullet of the British rule took place into one of his arm; he cut his hand with his sword and dedicated it to the river Ganga. Today we know this warrior of Bihar as Veer Kunwar Singh who set an example at the age of 80.

The farmers in Champaran district of Bihar had to suffer the exploitation of British rule. Rajkumar Shukla called Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to Champaran to fight for the rights of the farmers. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi started living at Bhitiharawa Ashram with his wife Kasturba. He met the farmers to find the root of their problems. They promoted education and self-dependency for the upliftment of the poor. Gandhiji started the tradition of running spinning wheel in Champaran district of Bihar. Neel farmers' demands were met with the efforts of Gandhiji's non-violent protest. Thus Gandhiji's first non-violent movement was successful. Non-violent movement i.e. Satyagraha was a revolutionary thought whose first examination took place on the land of Bihar.

Earlier, Non-violent policy was preached by the Buddha on the land of Bihar that was also followed by Emperor Ashoka and Mahatma Gandhi.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of independent India. He gave leadership to the nation for 12 years. Later in the 1970's while Congress Party had been wining, the public was struggling with corruption. Then 72-year-old Jayaprakash Narayana led the movement to save democracy. He became immortalized in the modern history of India by the name of Loknayaka.

Sher Shah Suri was born in 1486 at Sasaram in Rohtas district of Bihar. Sher Shah Suri was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India after taking control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. He also built several monuments including Rohtas Fort, Sher Shah Suri Masjid in Patna and Qila-i-Kuhna mosque at Purana Qila, Delhi.

The tomb of Sher Shah Suri is in the Sasaram town of Bihar state that was built in memory of Emperor Sher Shah Suri is famous today for its own beauty. He is believed to be the first one to introduce "Rupaiya" and "paisa'. He is also credited with the introduction of custom duty, which is followed even today.

Art on a handmade paper of general activities done by people apart from kings with lite colors was known as Patna Kalam. In 1810, the first Patna Kalam painting exhibition took place in England. Bihar's Patna Kalam is a treasure of the world's art heritage which is elegantly displayed in many museums in the world.

Bihar is famous for stories and musics. Gaya city is its best example. Gayasur monster is lying under Vishnupad temple. Gaya has found its name from Gayasur. Gayasur has got a boon that if organism of a person is kept in his stage then the person will reside at the Brahmalok, Shivlok and Vishnulok. As well as a dead person must come daily in the cremation ground. Gayasur monster will stand up if the condition fails. Since then, the practice of funeral started in this temple of Bihar.

Bihar has not only directed Hindustan but the whole world with its tradition and culture.